


She had had scans and scopes, blood tests and stool studies, a half dozen courses of antiparasitics and antibiotics. She had seen rheumatologists and neurologists. There had been times when she almost felt normal. These doctors, like so many before them, had been working hard to help relieve the bloating, the gas, the occasional diarrhea and frequent constipation that came with that diagnosis.

Twenty-four years earlier, his patient was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (I.B.S.). He was an older doctor, a specialist in gastroenterology at Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center in Baltimore. “We don’t know what more we can do for you,” the doctor explained to the 49-year-old woman.
